Agricultural & Urban Lands
Lands are broadly differentiated in two types for the purpose of maintaining legal records. Agricultural lands are devoted to agricultural purposes and situated outside the territory of urban areas. Whereas,the Urban lands are often used for residential or commercial purposes in the urban areas.
Law relating to Agricultural lands not only deal with its management, title records and other details etc, but it also deal with disputes relating to it like, khatedari rights, mutation, change in use, conversation etc. Though the Central Government proposes laws relating to all the issues of Agricultural Lands, but then also the effective management and implementation is still in the hands of State Governments.
In India law is codified, which not only help us to understand its procedure & technicalities, but also provides fair and transparent opportunity to contest. Though the law is very vast, but to give a brief idea the relevant and important legislations, related to the subject, are :-
- The Land Revenue Act, 1996 (1939 A.D.)
- Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001
- Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Rules, 2003 Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Regulations, 2006
- Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights (Criteria for Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability for Registration) Regulations, 2009
- Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2007
- The Model Tenancy Act, 2021
- The Tenancy Act (State Act)
- The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act
Where the Agricultural lands are dealt with by Revenue Authorities and concern Gram Panchayats, the Urban lands are under control and management of Local Bodies, Municipal Corporations, Development Authorities etc, which is supervised by Urban Development & Housing Development Department of the concerned Government at State level. The Central Government as well as the State Governments with the help of local self-bodies maintains it effectively. Thecommonly known Central and State Urban Laws are-
- The Transfer of Property Act, 1882
- The Municipalities Act (State Act)
- The Development Authority Act (State Act)
- Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976
- Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Repeal Act, 1999
- Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Act, 1971
- Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Rules, 1971
- Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
Revenue & Farms Law
Where the Agricultural land records are maintained through the relevant tenancy and revenue laws, the other affairs relating to the agricultural produce are governed through various other laws in India, which not only help us to understand its procedure & technicalities, but also provide fair and transparent opportunity to contest. The purpose of its enactment are to provide felicitation to the farmer’s to get adequate and faire price of their yields and also to protect them from brutal and ferocious market frauds. Though the law is very vast but to give a brief idea the relevant and important legislations, related to the subject, are :-
- The Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020
- The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020
- The Essential Commodities(Amendment) Act, 2020
- The Agriculture Act, 2020
- Revenue Recovery Act, 1890
- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981
- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development General Regulations, 1982