Insolvency and Bankruptcy (Corporate & Individual)
The law related to insolvency was firstly introduced by way of the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, which has slightly narrow approach and required more efficiency looking to the change market conditions and development of banking and business sector in India. Hence by introducing the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code 2016, the intention of the legislature is to consolidate and amend the laws relating to private organizations, corporate persons, partnership firms and individual.
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, is a landmark piece of legislation establishing a robust legal framework which brings about a much overdue reform that is aimed at creating necessary procedures for swift resolution of insolvency and bankruptcy in India. It attempts at bringing the Indian statutory regime at par with some of the most legally advanced jurisdictions of the world.
The Code has been conceptualized to consolidate the laws relating to insolvency, reorganization and liquidation/bankruptcy of all persons, including companies, individuals, partnership firms and Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) under one statutory umbrella and amending relevant laws. Further time-bound resolution of defaults and seamless implementation of liquidation/bankruptcy and maximizing asset value and to encourage resolution as means of first resort for recovery. And also creating infrastructure which can eradicate inefficiencies involved in bankruptcy process by introducing National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Insolvency Resolution Professional Agencies (IPAS), Insolvency Professionals (IPs) and Information Utilities (TUS).
In India the Law is codified, which not only help us to understand its procedure & technicalities, but also provides fair and transparent opportunity to contest. Though the law is very vast but to give a brief idea the relevant and important legislations, related to the subject, are :-
- The Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920
- The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy (Application to Adjudicating Authority) Rules, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Model Bye-Laws and Governing Board of Insolvency Professional Agencies) Regulations, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Professional Agencies) Regulations, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Professionals) Regulations, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Insolvency Resolution Process for Corporate Persons) Regulations,2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2016
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Advisory Committee) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Engagement of Research Associates and Consultants) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Procedure for Governing Board Meetings) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Voluntary Liquidation Process) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Information Utilities) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Employees' Service) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Grievance and Complaint Handling Procedure) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Fast Track Insolvency Resolution Process for Corporate Persons) Regulations, 2017
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Salary, Allowances and other Terms and Conditions of Service of Chairperson and Members) Rules, 2016.
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Annual Report) Rules, 2018
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Form of Annual Statement of Accounts) Rules, 2018.
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Mechanism for Issuing Regulations) Regulations, 2018
- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Medical Facility to Chairperson and Whole-time Members) Scheme, 2019. 564-566
- Insolvency Professionals to act as Interim Resolution Professionals and Liquidators Guidelines, 2019
- General Clauses Act, 1897
Securitization & Debt Recovery Laws
The law of securitization is an amalgam of several sophisticated concepts and is simultaneously averse to several other equally sophisticated concepts, but the concept excluded are as litigious as these included. The concepts excluded, when treated to the tentacles of the scope and applicability of Act, become prone to bear considerable case-law.
The contract between banking companies, financial institutions and private parties, in same respect has been superseded by the statutory provisions or governed by the statutory provisions relating to recovery of debt and bar of jurisdiction of the civil court to entertain any disputes in respect of such matter.
The SRFAESI Act creates statutory obligation upon a certain class of secured creditors, to exercise the power of creation of enforcement of security interest in a particular manner.
In India the Law is codified, which not only help us to understand its procedure & technicalities, but also provides fair and transparent opportunity to contest. Though the law is very vast but to give a brief idea the relevant and important legislations, related to the subject, are :-
- Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
- Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956
- Securities Contracts (Regulation) (Appeal to Securities Appellate Tribunal) Rules, 2000
- Securities Contracts (Regulation) (Procedure for Holding Inquiry and Imposing Penalties by Adjudicating Officer) Rules, 2005
- Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002
- Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002
- Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (Removal of Difficulties) Order, 2004
- Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act 19
- Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993
- Debts Recovery Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1993
- Recovery Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1994
- Debts Recovery Tribunal (Financial and Administrative Power) Rules, 1997
- Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal (Financial and Administrative Power) Rules, 1997
- Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunal (Procedure for Appointment as Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal) Rules, 1998
- Debts Recovery Tribunal (Procedure for Appointment as Presiding Officer of the Tribunal) Rules, 1998
- Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920
- Provincial Small Cause Courts Act, 1887